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Critical incident stress management (CISM) programs are a recommended approach for helping firefighters cope with trauma exposure because they provide structured support and resources specifically designed to address the psychological impact of traumatic incidents. CISM emphasizes peer support, education, and crisis intervention, enabling firefighters to process their experiences in a safe and supportive environment. This proactive approach promotes communication about emotions, reduces stigma associated with mental health challenges, and can prevent long-term psychological issues that may arise from repeated exposure to trauma.

CISM programs often include debriefings, where affected personnel can openly discuss their reactions and feelings following a critical incident. This helps normalize their experiences and encourages emotional expression, which can be critical for healing. Training in stress management tools and links to mental health professionals can also enhance resilience, providing firefighters with ways to cope with the effects of trauma.

In contrast, the other options do not provide effective coping mechanisms. Ignoring incidents often leads to unresolved issues and increased psychological distress. Mandatory overtime can exacerbate stress rather than alleviate it, as it does not allow for necessary recovery time. Public speaking engagements can be beneficial in certain contexts but do not address the immediate psychological needs following trauma exposure. Instead, they may place additional pressure on firefighters to relive potentially distressing experiences without proper